Acanthus ilicifolius is a medicinal plant used for treatment of skin diseases, small pox, ulcers, snake bite and rheumatism. The present study investigated preliminary phytochemical estimation and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) characterization of leaves. Phytochemical compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannin, terpenoids, Saponins, reducing sugar, phenols, steroids and glycosides were identified by preliminary analysis. Toluene: Ethyl Acetate: Formic acid: Methanol: 7:5:1:0.5 as solvent system is the best solvent system for measuring the establishment of photochemical of A. ilicifolius. HPTLC finger print of methanol extract showed eight peaks and the R_f values ranged in between 0.18 to 0.80 at 254nm and in 366 nm it showed seven peaks, R_f values ranged between 0.07 to 0.81. HPTLC analysis helps for the identification of plant species. Further research is necessary to extract the compounds from A. ilicifolius and it will give programmed for further phytochemical and pharmacuetical applications.